The largest SI/AI sites by power running today and by the end of 2027, and how long they take to build. Power figures are Epoch AI estimates of electricity reaching the chips, as of Oct 31, 2026, not company reports.
Biggest today, biggest next, fastest built
Running today: Amazon New Carlisle (1.04 GW), Colossus 2 (0.95), Stargate Abilene (0.82), Fairwater Atlanta (0.64) and DayOne Nusajaya (0.47). By the end of 2027, on construction Epoch can already see: Colossus 2 (1.53 GW), QTS Cedar Rapids for Meta (1.13), New Carlisle (1.04), Goodnight, Texas (1.01) and Meta Prometheus (0.87). Big SI/AI sites usually take about 16 to 33 months from land clearing to first power. Colossus 1 took about 4 months and Colossus 2 about 8.
A star (*) means the owner is Epoch’s best guess and is not confirmed. Every end-of-2027 figure is an estimate.
CEO forecast, all SpaceX sites
“I’m fairly confident of being able to bring an incremental 10 gigawatts of compute online in 2027 … in addition to the roughly 3 gigawatts … I would be surprised if we brought on less than 13 gigawatts of compute by the end of next year.”
Elon Musk, SpaceX Q3 2026 earnings call, Oct 20, 2026 (Motley Fool transcript). This is his forecast for every SpaceX site together. It is not an Epoch AI estimate of one site, and it counts chips at rated power, not cooling. Formal guidance is still 2.5 to 3 GW by the end of 2026. The base case on the compute model is 2.89 GW at the end of 2026.
IT power in gigawatts. Epoch AI estimate as of Nov 1, 2026. Chip counts, where a company or Musk has given one, are in the table. SpaceX/xAI sites are orange.
Colossus 2’s last satellite reading was on Jun 15, 2026, so Epoch’s 0.95 GW is probably behind. Musk said on Oct 31, 2026 that about 440,000 GB300s are in place in two buildings, and that the campus should reach about 1.2 million Blackwells by the end of 2026. That 1.2 million is a target, not a count of chips running today. Oracle confirmed 618 MW at Abilene by Aug 31, 2026. The 0.82 GW is Epoch’s estimate for all eight buildings. DayOne’s Malaysian sites are rented out, and the tenants are not public.
IT power in gigawatts. Epoch AI projections for sites already under construction. * Owner is Epoch’s best guess and is not confirmed.
Some bigger sites only finish after 2027, according to Epoch: Microsoft Fairwater Wisconsin (2.26 GW, mid-2028), Amazon New Carlisle (1.93 GW, Mar 2028), Stargate New Mexico (1.75 GW, late 2028), Meta Hyperion (1.63 GW first phase, Jan 2028) and Stargate Shackelford (1.4 GW, late 2028). Company targets run higher than these per-site estimates. Musk’s forecast, for all SpaceX sites together, is about 13 GW by the end of 2027. Meta says Hyperion will eventually reach 5 GW.
Months from land clearing, the first work visible in satellite images, to first power, then on toward today’s power or the planned total. The black tick is today, Oct 31, 2026. Anything to the right of a tick is still ahead. The shaded band is a typical large data center, 18 to 36 months (Hilco, 2026).
Plain-language takeaway
For most big SI/AI sites, first power came about 16 to 33 months after land clearing. That matches the usual 18 to 36 months for a large data center. Getting a site to about 1 GW has taken roughly two and a half years: about 29 months for Abilene and 25 to 32 for New Carlisle. xAI’s Colossus 1 reached first power in about 4 months, partly because it reused an existing building. Colossus 2 took about 8 months and was near 0.95 GW at month 15. That is roughly two to three times faster than the other gigawatt-class sites here. Epoch’s dates are estimates. Start means visible land clearing, not the day a project was announced.
A secondary view. These totals count different things, so they should not be ranked against each other or against the per-site estimates above.
The base case on the compute model is 2.89 GW for SpaceX at the end of 2026. Musk’s roughly 13 GW by the end of 2027 is a forecast for every SpaceX site, from the Oct 20 call, and it is separate from Epoch’s per-site estimates.